So im about halfway through Messiah, and I've got some questions about the Jihad that killed 60+ billion ppl.
1) What was the actual logistics of the Jihad? Obviously its about killing "non believers", but how specifically was it done, and what was the process? I presume the leaders of the Jihad would identify the planet whose turn was "next" to be purified, and the Spacing Guild would fly the legions there (under threat of having their spice cut off) to do their work. But once they got there, would they first have demands? Would they give the planet the chance to convert to the "One True" Fremen religion to save themselves, or would they simply slaughter everyone first and repopulate the planet?
2) What was the mechanism of killing? Fremen are famous for being the best hand to hand fighters in the universe. But surely a few million Fremen didnt slaughter 61 billion ppl BY HAND in just 12 years? Mathematically that seems really really difficult considering everything we know about guerilla warfare and insurgencies. Surely these people wouldnt just line up to be killed, many would flee to forests, or caves (or whatever such defensive places existed on their worlds) and form insurgencies and fight back (much like the Fremen themselves did under Harkonnen rule). Not sayibg tge Fremen wouldnt eventually succeed, but these things would drag on much longer than they would have had to in order to subjugate hubdreeds of planets and kill billions of ppl. The extremely short 12 year window almost necessitates killing on an industrial scale with advanced, planetary scale weapons. Is there anything in the book about this?
3) What are the specific tenets of the religion the Jihadists are even so fanatical about spreading? Obviously Paul Maud-dib as Messiah is at or near the center of it, but it can't be JUST that. Like, when the Jihadists went to a planet to cleanse it, what were the demands they would have made in order to save themselves? Convert to the "One True Religion" of course, but what does that mean specifically? What do the Fremen actually believe?
For example, If we imagine a similar scenario in present t day and a bunch of fanatical Muslims went nation to nation demanding conversion to the "True Religion" or death, we can pretty easily answer that question. Converts would need to accept that There Is No God but God (Allah) and Muhammad is His prophet" as those are the basic tenets of the Muslim faith. Or if it was a fanatical Christian sect, it would be to accept that "Jesus Christ is the Son of God and was sent to die for humanities sins"
But altho the Fremen are descendents of present day Muslims, they are not Muslims. They make no mention of Allah, Muhammed, or even the concept of an all powerful personal God at the center of the religion. The Fremen religion reads much more like more primitive nature worshipping religions of ancient and indigenous cultures. If you HAD to pick a figure at the center of the Fremen religion, it would be Shai-Halud, but again, this reads more like the nature worshipping religions of old, worshipping the indifferent power the worm represents (like the Egyptions did with the Sun) than the idea that the worms are a PERSONAL God to the Fremen and somehow know and care about rhe Fremen ppl. In fact, this kind of fanatical religious killing seems to require a montheistic religious tradition, that kind of murderous energy needs a distinct and unambiguous single being who sits at the center of it and the Fremen seem much like an old school polytheistic society than one in the monotheistic tradition.
So what would the demands of conversion be? "Accept that There Is No God But Shai-Halud [the giant worm from our home planet] and Maud-dib is his Prophet"?
If it was, that would feel very incongruous with what the Fremen themselves seem to believe as their religion. And lets assume for a second thats what it was, why would so many planets resist against that? Why would they need to kill 61 billion? Understanding human nature (and despite the futuristic world of the book, human nature does seem to be very much unchanged) surely after they killed a few hundred million and sterilized a planet or two and it was clear they had the power, the ability abd the will to do so, the inhabitants would just submit when the Fremen showed up at their doorstep? "Yeah sure man, no problem. Worship your Worm. You got it". Many would do so half heartedly and would privately still keep their own religion, but surely they would not resist to the extent that it seemed everyone in the book did.
Is this all just a "suspension of disbelief" thing and the questions above are deemed not really important and not answered, or are there actually answers to these questions?
Love the series tho, definitely very layered writing