What do you think would happen if hitlers 1934 purge of the SA experienced complications, allowing Ernst Röhm to escape and mobilize a significant portion of the 4 million Sturmabteilung members to guard SA officials and property, seize vulnerable stockpiles, occupy key government buildings and city blocks across Germany, engage in street fighting with SS members and attempt to assassinate or arrest high ranking nazis associated with the purge?

The Russian heartland has historically been invaded time and time again by mounted nomads from the Asian Steppes through the plains between the Caspian Sea and the end of the Ural Mountains (modern day Kazakhstan). The Romanovs then began expanding the Russian Empire into Siberia largely through this same region. What if the Ural Mountains extended further south and formed a natural barrier?

Im thinking of writing an alt history about if the russian provisional government survived ww1 and one of the divergence points is cracking down on the bolesheviks.

With no succesful boleshevik uprising, how does this impact the german revolution? Would it even happen since the October revolution helped inspire the spartacists to launch their own revolution and it also influenced the SPD to not side with the communists after seeing how chaotic and anti democratic the bolesheviks were?

Or with continued pressure from the east, would germany be forced to surrender before any group could attempt a revolution?

^{The 14th amendment here was written as such, "Section 1. All persons born under the jurisdiction of the United States, or naturalized under the laws thereof; and all persons wheresoever born of a citizen or citizens of the United States, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. Section 2. Neither the United States nor any State shall make, enforce, or maintain any law, custom, or regulation which shall abridge, deny, or impair any right, privilege, or immunity enumerated in or secured by this Constitution and the amendments thereto; nor shall the United States or any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within their respective jurisdictions the equal protection of the laws.}

^{The 15th amendment here was written as such, "Section 1. The right of male citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied, abridged, or impeded by the United States or by any State, under any qualification, condition, or pretense whatsoever; and this article shall be construed in all courts of justice to the absolute preservation of the right of suffrage. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."}

Driven by a deep, cynical distrust of a conservative judiciary, Radical Republicans refuse to leave the constitutional text open to interpretation. Instead, they draft the 14th and 15th Amendments as airtight legal fortresses.

By closing every textual loophole from the outset, they preemptively disarm conservative judges, drastically altering the landscape of late-19th-century constitutional law.

1. The 1870s: Upheld Enforcement Acts & Early Total Incorporation

• The Enforcement Acts Validated: Because the counterfactual text explicitly binds both federal and state authority ("Neither the United States nor any State..."), the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 stand on unassailable constitutional ground. Federal troops and district attorneys retain full legal authority to dismantle white-supremacist paramilitary organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and the White League without judicial interference.
• United States v. Cruikshank (1876): While the individual defendants are freed on a technicality due to a poorly drafted federal indictment, Chief Justice Morrison Waite delivers a monumental ruling: the entire Bill of Rights applies directly to state governments. Under this explicit standard, states are constitutionally banned from censoring political speech, stopping peaceful assembly, or disarming Black citizens on racial grounds. Armed Black state militias remain legally protected self-defense forces across the South.

2. The 1880s: Public Accommodations and the Civil Rights Act

• The Civil Rights Act of 1875 Upheld: In actual history, the Supreme Court struck down federal bans on private discrimination in public accommodations (Civil Rights Cases, 1883). Under this counterfactual amendments, which explicitly bans any state "custom, or regulation" that impairs constitutional rights the Court overwhelmingly upholds the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Segregation in hotels, restaurants, passenger ships, and theaters is declared unconstitutional nationwide by 1883.

3. The 1890s: Crushing Jim Crow in the Supreme Court

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): The Supreme Court rules 6–3 that state-mandated segregation is unconstitutional, due to the Civil Rights Act of 1875, striking down Louisiana’s Separate Car Act. Also because the 14th Amendment strictly bans states from maintaining any "law, custom, or regulation" that impairs a citizen's rights, states cannot use their police power to force private businesses to segregate. Justice David Josiah Brewer writes a crucial concurring opinion, arguing that forcing private railroads to run extra, separate passenger cars at their own expense is an arbitrary regulation violating "liberty of contract." Because it is far cheaper to run integrated trains, Southern railroads immediately desegregate to save money, stopping physical segregation on Gilded Age transit before it takes root.
• Williams v. Mississippi (1898): When Mississippi passes its infamous 1890 constitution introducing poll taxes and literacy tests, it is immediately dragged into federal court. Under the counterfactual 15th Amendment's explicit ban on any voter qualification "under any qualification, condition, or pretense whatsoever," the Supreme Court rules 8–1 that poll taxes and literacy tests are illegal conditions placed on the absolute right to vote.

4. The Transformation of the Deep South & Its Own Troubles

• A Biracial Political Powerhouse: Black majorities in states like South Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana maintain immense voting power throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Black Republicans partnered with white agrarian Populists routinely win statehouses, keeping Black sheriffs, judges, state legislators, and federal congressmen in office continuously into the 20th century.
• Shift to Guerrilla Terror & Private Insurgency: Because white elites cannot use the law to disenfranchise Black voters, white resistance shifts entirely to extralegal warfare. The South experiences decades of covert nightrider attacks, arson against Black-owned businesses, political assassinations, and polling place ambushes by white paramilitary groups.
• Armed Self-Defense: Because Cruikshank guaranteed 2nd Amendment rights against state interference, Black communities organize legal, armed protective leagues and militias. Southern counties regularly devolve into localized, armed standoffs between Black militias and white insurgents during election seasons.
• Economic Peonage & Landlessness: Political rights are constitutionalized, but land is not redistributed. Former Confederates retain ownership of 80–90% of agricultural land, relying on debt peonage, crop-lien systems, and mass retaliatory evictions of Black tenant farmers following Republican election victories.
• Legislative Sabotage & "Ripper Bills": When white conservative Democrats gain temporary state majorities, they pass "ripper bills" stripping power from elected Black city councils and sheriffs in majority-Black towns, reassigning local police, tax collection, and municipal authority to state-appointed boards.
• Northern "Enforcement Fatigue": Maintaining this biracial political order requires a perpetual federal presence. By the 1910s, Northern voters grow exhausted from decades of spending federal tax dollars to "police the South," creating deep political friction in Washington.

after all the habsbergs were born in the territory of switzerland and it starts with the battle of morganten won by austria resulted in an austrian victory and their inclusion in the empire

also at that time the swiss identity wasn't formed at the time.

I Always Has This Question In My Minds for a while now and I always wonder how this would have impacted the North American video games market as a result like how it would have impacted Atari Mattel Or Coleco as a result? and what impact it could have had on the North American video games crash of 1983? And also the whole Video Games Market Like How Would It Affect Sega And NEC And Others Gaming Console Market Then? And Most Important How Successful would it be then?

what if gengis khan got repeled by the song dynasty so they decide to invade sibera and discover and invade american istead of goin east towad india , iran and irak.

in this scenario the song dynasty decided to exterminate the mongol because they are a threat so they imigrate to siberia

A rogue Air Force or Navy pilot sees the September 11 2001 attack live on the news, loses his shit, flies to Mecca from a nearby carrier in the gulf, and blows that box up into smithereens.

Seems like it would be a real kick to the muslim worlds balls if that happened. What’s the aftermath? Are we seeing the unification of all muslims and worldwide retaliation? Is the Americans hunger for revenge finally sated? Is the pilot lauded or condemned by our military?