eg. some pills work better than others that may have little to no effect, but all have different ingredients..

what is the acutal ingredient or element that boosts happy hormones (serotonin/dopamine) in the brain?

Hi! I am not talking about raw food that get cooked, because I can understand in that case, but specifically about the difference in taste between cold cooked food and warm cooked food or also drinks. Why does some ingredients taste stronger/weaker/more salty/more spicy depending on their temperature?

I am learning js, html, and css, and was recently told that front-end isn't "real programming". What languages are used in back-end, and whats the point if you can host on github pages? Thanks in advance!

e: To clarify, I am familiar with the idea of invasive species. I mean how does a species that is introduced into an ecosystem become incorporated into the ecosystem, neither going extinct nor going out of control.

I've been trying to learn opengl for a while but I can't really grasp the concept. From what I understood, it is a specification for generalizing graphics rendering, but that doesn't ring a bell to me.
And what does GLAD have to do with that?

I've noticed that when I accidentally get a shallow cut (especially when there's no bleeding) they tend to hurt more, than when I get a deeper one. So I'm curious, why's that? Does the bleeding have something to do with it?

Does this mean one can train only grip strength and be healthier, or does one need to engage in training that also improve grip strength, i.e., strength training

I thought dopamine increase = more anxiety and racing thoughts?

How do they know what colors to flex and when.

If the TV volume is too quiet, but still loud enough to make out the dialogue, then this feels uncomfortable.

If the TV volume is too loud, but still well below the threshold of causing pain or damage, then this also feels uncomfortable.

Why is this?

If ever? Like when a human throws water at a bug, I always imagined from the bug’s perspective it would be a natural disaster like how we perceive storms.

Because sometimes a cat doesn’t even seem to notice a human arm belonging to the human in front of them as a whole torso, or are they all smarter than this?

So to extend the question, it would be: (1) do they at least recognize a human limb belonging to the human agent? (2) They couldn’t possibly do this when a human uses an external tool, or could they? (3) Further, would looking into this give any insights on how we humans understand causality when we perceive events?

Thank you in advance to smart people

I’ve noticed how often the same types of characters show up in mythologies from cultures that were very far apart.

There always seems to be a thunder god, a trickster, fairies, a giant serpent, gnomes, an underworld ruler or a hero who has to defeat some kind of monster. Did these stories spread between cultures over time, or did people independently invent similar characters because they were dealing with the same fears and parts of nature?

And is it always better to do one or the other? Or is it situation dependant?

like what's actually happening and how does it work