r/etymology 20h ago

Cool etymology While you're enjoying the Odyssey, remember that an "Epic" was originally defined by its form, not its content

121 Upvotes

The reason the Ancient Greeks referred to the Iliad and the Odyssey as Epics is not because they were long, or grand in scope, or important. They were called Epics because they were composed in dactylic hexameter, a metrical pattern which was known as epea. The proclamations of the Delphic Oracle used the same pattern: five feet of one long and two short syllables, punctuated by a sixth foot of two syllables.

The word "epic" was thus originally comparable to words like "iambic," referring only to the form of the poem, not the content. It wasn't until much later that the term became synonymous with the heroic epic we think of today.


r/etymology 7h ago

Question Does naan mean bread or is a type of bread?

60 Upvotes

I am farsi speaker myself. Naan or noon is farsi means bread and we have different types of naan like sangak, lavash, barbari and many more. A while ago i was having a discussion with a parkistani classmate whom i was having doner with then. She made a comment that the bread was very much like naan and then i was like this is bread just a different type of it. And then she was like no this is naan, and not bread. Maybe the definitions are different in pakistan but in iran naan is just the persian translation for bread and not a specific bread. Meanwhile she was trying to tell me that the bread we had with our doner wasnt bread but a naan. What are your thoughts on this? Is bread naan to you or a specific type of bread?


r/etymology 12h ago

Discussion The Dravidian word for “umbrella” and its two separate borrowings into Indo-Aryan

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8 Upvotes

r/etymology 6h ago

Question Gĩkũyũ and Maa: Ngai and Enkai

1 Upvotes

Ngai and Enkai both mean God.

Historically and (mostly) pre-historically, Maasai and Kikuyu people have had a long and complicated history involving a lot of violent conflict that lead to a large amount of linguistic exchange between the two languages. I'm only familiar with Maa loans into Kikuyu but judging by the number of those I feel comfortable assuming some loanwords went the other way too.

The problem I have is with Ngai and Enkai. I've read here that Enkai means 'thunder, sky, god'. At first this lead me to immediately assume the word was loaned by the Kikuyu from the Maasai, but then I remembered that Kikuyu has the verb 'gaya', meaning divide (among), and one noun that can be derived from that is gai meaning "the one who divides/provides". Due to Kikuyu's gender system, you can derive that verb in a number of ways, including as Ngai.

  1. it could very easily have been Maa originating with Enkai and the Kikuyu borrowing it as Ngai, which is exactly how one would expect Maa words like that to be borrowed.
  2. or that it could have been originating as mũgai but, like many irregular verbs, switched gender from what is expected and ended up as Ngai, and then it was borrowed into Maa as Enkai.
  3. the two groups of people just happened to have converged on the exact same name for god, each with their own etymologies that show that it wasn't borrowed from another language.

personally i lean toward the conclusion that Enkai was just borrowed into Kikuyu which happened to have a similar sounding word with a similar meaning that it could be confused for. i have some other theories of a cracked pot nature, if anyone knows what exactly happened here i would be happy to learn more.


r/etymology 1h ago

Question Ionia (region) and Jovian (religious cult) word correlation?

Upvotes

I was wondering was there any linguistical correlation between the Anatolian region of Ionia and latin Jovian/Jupiter religious cult (expanded sky father cult)?

-> Iōnian - Iōnes

-> Jovian - Iovis

Very similar on first glance.


r/etymology 23h ago

Question Are they called nipples because you nip and pull them?

0 Upvotes

Bonus question: is cold weather called nippy because it makes your nipples hard?