Two companies that were passed over for the U.S. Navy’s Medium Unmanned Surface Vessel program are taking the service to court over the decision, USNI News has learned.
Saildrone and Blue Water Autonomy filed suit in late June in the United States Court of Federal Claims in Washington, D.C., with two separate complaints alleging the Navy didn’t follow its own rules in how it selected contenders for the first generation of larger autonomous vessels.
In May, the Navy tapped seven out of about two dozen companies to build a prototype for the MUSV program that would test the vessels by the end of 2026 and then be placed on a list of approved vendors for the program, USNI News reported at the time.
The basic requirements for the MUSV is for the vessel to travel 2,500 nautical miles at 25 knots in sea state 4 carrying a payload of up to 25 metric tons across at least two 40-foot shipping containers.
Saildrone’s Spectre, built in cooperation with Fincantieri Marinette Marine in Wisconsin, and Blue Water Autonomy’s Liberty USV were both offered up to the Navy’s Portfolio Acquisition Executive for Robotics and Autonomous Systems for the MUSV awards.
In the two redacted complaints, which were unsealed this week, Blue Water Autonomy and Saildrone allege the Navy didn’t follow its own selection criteria and passed over the two companies for consideration for the MUSV program.
Lawyers for Blue Water Autonomy argue that the company had already invested millions for a prototype under construction for the Modular Attack Surface Craft. The Liberty prototype was selected for the MASC program, according to the complaint.
“A few months before it issued the [request] for MUSV, the Navy selected Blue Water’s Liberty vessel for its predecessor prototype program, Modular Attack Surface Craft (‘MASC’), which similarly sought medium USV prototypes. The Navy evaluated Blue Water’s vessel solution through a multi-stage process and selected Blue Water’s solution before the Navy abruptly canceled the MASC program and replaced it with the MUSV program,” reads the complaint. “Rather than allow Blue Water to test its surrogate vessel and demonstrate that its vessel met the Navy’s requirements, the Navy arbitrarily and prematurely excluded Blue Water from further consideration in the competition.”

Saildrone said its Spectre offering exceeded the requirements and was likewise not appropriately evaluated based on the Navy’s own criteria. The complaint said the Spectre concept exceeded the Navy’s requirements had reached early American Bureau of Shipping certification based on scale model testing but was still rejected via an “arbitrary and capricious evaluation of Saildrone’s proposal by Navy Portfolio Acquisition Executive for Robotic and Autonomous Systems,” reads the complaint.
“Despite these qualifications, Saildrone first learned from a public news article that RAS had selected seven other awardees. Only after Saildrone inquired did RAS notify Saildrone, in a four-sentence email, that its ‘proposal was not selected for further consideration under this solicitation,’ offering no explanation tied to the criteria,” reads the complaint.
The PAE RAS’ specifics on the rejection of both Liberty and Spectre were redacted in the complaints. A Navy spokesperson, when reached by USNI News this week, said the service does not comment on pending litigation.
A company official with Blue Water Autonomy referred USNI News to the complaint.
In a statement to USNI News, a Saildrone spokesperson said Spectre met the MUSV requirements and there was a “misunderstanding” that led to the rejection of the company’s design.
“Our 170′ Saildrone Spectre has been in detailed design for over two years, with extensive testing and industry validation, to assure we met the MUSV requirements. Our fully compliant MUSV submission to the U.S. Navy should have qualified for advancing to the next round, in which we would participate in sea trials and develop a prototype at our own cost,” reads the statement. “Including all qualified bidders in the next phase of the evaluation leverages significant private capital to ensure the Navy has the best options to choose from, providing maximum advantage to the warfighter. We support the Navy’s mission and believe there has been a misunderstanding in the evaluation of our bid.”
The Navy has said it intends to buy 36 MUSV in Fiscal Year 2026 as part of the $5 billion in the 2026 Reconciliation Act using other transaction authorities after years of churn over requirements for larger unmanned craft.