OK OK OK BEFORE YOU IMMEDIATELY DOWNVOTE ME AND YELL AT ME FOR NOT UNDERSTANDING SHIT... hear me out
First of all, this is not really my own reading of the movie, though I have come to agree with it somewhat. Full disclosure, I am Italian and here we take our classics very seriously. Latin classics obviously, but also the Greek texts that inspired them.
So what basically happened is that I saw the movie, felt it was good in some aspects, but frustratingly intent on changing stuff in others. Why was Polyphemus changed to a mostly dumb mute brute? Why are the originally triumphant moments of Odysseus recontextualized or outright removed? Hell in general, why does the mythological and epic aspect of the movie only apply to the tragic aspects and not the victories? Why are all the gods so faint in their presence that you can make a fair argument that Athena is just a vision and a manifestation of Odysseus' guilt? WHY DID AGAMEMNON WANT TO DISRUPT TRADE ROUTES, what is this, GOT?
With all of these dumb little doubts on my mind, I came away thinking that Nolan is too realism- and tragedy-pilled. He can only indulge in fantasy if that fantasy involves suffering, but can't indulge in the triumphs of greek myth. Which ostensibly devalued his work. But then I read the reviews on the papers (yes, like actual newspapers). One Italian publication basically delegated the review to two classical studies experts who talked about a lot of the weird aspects of the movies. While they ultimately came away praising the movie, they did point out a few things that stuck with me. And that is the American parallel with Odysseus and the Greeks as a whole.
A lot of the Odyssey's themes and scenes have been changed in Nolan's movie and when you consider the option that the movie is commenting on current American international politics and behavior it... weirdly fits. Like to a concerning degree.
The most damning piece of evidence for this, aside from Odysseus himself being basically unrecognizable as a character (and we'll get to that), is how the movie plays with the laws of hospitality (or Zeus' law). Because that law is a central point in the movie, but compared to the original work it is vastly different in how it is used. In the original, the law of hospitality is a recurring theme that gets shown in basically all its possible applications, both positive and negative. Positive aspects include Nausicaa and the Phoenicians, negative aspects include Polyphemus and the suitors. The film arguably makes the law even more important and central to the story than it is in the text and yet... it removes the Phoenicians completely and changes Polyphemus to not include the law of hospitality as a relevant plot point there. Instead a lot fo the movie focuses on the Greeks invoking that law as an excuse to basically force themselves into other people's homes and take what they want. That same law is then not applied uniformly towards beggars or people the house master may not like. It's basically purely subjective
Well, the movie explicitly tells us that the thematic point it's trying to make is one of ethical and moral decay on the part of the Greeks. They're the culture that created that law in the first place, but have now come to apply it only when it suits them and mainly as an excuse for what is essentially just plain old forcing yourself into someone else's home.
Similarly with the people of the sea (basically the "Sea people" which are considered or rumored to be one of the reasons for the IRL Bronze Age collapse). A force of outsiders that moves like ghosts along the coasts, dangerous and unknowable, plundering everything... and then it's revealed that those reports actually refer to the various Greek war parties returning home. The theme of fear of the outsider and the unknown distracting/hiding that the actual danger/moral decay comes from within is pretty obvious.
There's the fall of troy, in its framing closer to the Aeneid IIRC as a grand tragedy and the wiping out of a civilization. The movie frames the fall of troy as the beginning of the end, the absolute lowest point of the Greek civilization. The movie also reframes the conflict a bit. From the romantic and larger than life, but ultimately pointless tragedy of the original Iliad where the goal is getting back a single woman and killing thousands for that goal due to stupid alliances and vows of honor, the movie gives Agamemnon, supreme leader of the Greeks a newer goal that I'm pretty sure was not in the original text: disrupting Troy's control of trade routes. This plot point is extremely minor in the grand scheme of things, but aside from being just topical in and of itself, it reframes the war completely. It's now a conflict started on the basis of a slight, but kept alive due to economic interests.
Odysseus himself is also weird in this movie. I've already pointed out how the movie refuses to give him a single triumphant moment (in the classical "epic" way of just having the absolute upper hand of a situation), while being absolutely not shy about giving him mythologically fitting dramatic or tragic moments. But his characterization is probably one of the biggest changes. He's less cunning and more impulsive and rash, less fighting with the gods and the destiny they impose on him and more outright disrespecting and blaspheming them. His greatest tactical victory is reframed as his greatest moral failure and his final fight is less the work of a tactician and moreso a half-suicide attempt as his plan to beat the suitors is basically to go in alone and kill them all on his own. Granted, myth Odysseus would've done so no problem, but Nolan doesn't want to give this Odysseus that triumph. Instead the fight is a bloody, exhausting, drawn-out brawl that ends with Odysseus barely alive. All of this because the violence Odysseus perpetrates is framed as intrinsically bad (so much so that Odysseus has Telemachus not bloody his hands. There's some cycle of violence stuff going on there obviously), therefore Odysseus perpetrating violence, even against the abusers, can't be positive. In that sense Odysseus is framed more as a modern soldier, the perpetrator of endless and senseless violence, he is the arm of the Greek war machine, the final cog that puts the moral decay of the Greeks into practice by razing Troy to the ground through trickery. The only possible alternative he has then is exile. To atone and to leave behind the world he helped doom, hoping only that the new generations, untouched by the blood of his actions, can steer it better through the coming crisis than he could.
So now that I've written your eyes off with all of this, why did those experts call a parallel to the contemporary American situation?
Well, as I pointed out, there's a few thematic aspects that Nolan introduced in his movie that map very well onto contemporary America.
- The moralism and rules for thee but not for me to justify abuse of power as well as the general decay of previously held sacred moral values
- The presence and importance given to a nebulous outside threat that distracts and hides the danger and moral decay from within
- Odysseus cast as basically a disillusioned soldier with PTSD, horrified at what his actions have caused, but initially still clinging to his old ways. Arrogant, cocksure, disrespectful of other cultures or even his own (IIRC he says at one point "Thank your gods" or something, as if the greek gods weren't his as well)
- The seemingly senseless slaughter of an entire culture actually hiding vested economic and geopolitical interests
- The general sense of "end of an era" that permeates the movie that is explicitly brought about by the regional hegemon and its moral and ethical collapse as well as its war mongering and violence
Hell, I don't think it's a coincidence that the two scorned and abused wives in the movie are played by african-american actresses. Or the fact that the vast majority of the cast is Hollywood A-listers and some of its current biggest names.
There's also a general parallel between the law of hospitality and the US complicated relationship with immigration and present rejection of its once proud identity as a nation of immigrants
There's probably more that I forgot/didn't notice. What I'm saying is mostly that once I saw these parallels hinted at, it made the changes in the movie click for me. The Odyssey is basically reskinned to act as a parallel story about the fall of American hegemony and how the country is eating itself and the world alive as it falls (bit dramatic there, I know, it's late ok)
And look, I'm not even saying I fundamentally disagree with what Nolan might be saying about America here. It's just... why use the Odyssey to say this? Why twist this epic that is one of the foundational texts of western culture as a whole into a very America-centric story? Sure, it's more contemporary now, but imo way less universal. And in that sense imo also less timeless than other adaptations, because so much of it hinges on that American parallel.
If you don't have that frame of reference then the Odyssey is just straight up a bad adaptation, indecisive on whether it wants to commit to the magic of mythological Greece or not, willingly dating the events, but unwilling to commit with costuming, acting or casting, willingly cast the hero in a morally gray light, but refuse to actually have him commit the morally gray acts of the original epic and instead reframing his other actions.
And lastly... I'm just fucking tired of having America's collapse as a global hegemon being a constant recurring thing. Fucking recontextualize your own legends for that, let me have the Odyssey as a proper epic. You wanna recontextualize and modernize it? Commit to it, coward, don't limit it to just the American experience but include all of the West, make it truly international and universal
Thanks for reading (if you did, wouldn't blame if you skipped tbh). You may now hurl insults and slurs at me