Hey All! Not sure if anyone can help with this but we use an Ag/AgCl (brand Hach XR820) and the silver wire in the probe came out at the end of the tube and wrapped around the external of the glass. This was maybe an inch worth of material. It has broke off but the silver wire inside the glass is still good.

Would anyone be able to help me understand how that could impact test results? It seems very insignificant but not sure

Hey guys

I will have some high-quality PbO2 anodes for sale on a titanium base. the electrodes come from an ISO-9001 cert. factory (cert. availble upon request). I’ll be ordering the first batch soon, and they should arrive in a few weeks. If you’re interested, send me a DM so I can put you on the waiting list, as the number of sets is limited.

Each set will include:

• 1xTitanium PbO2 Anode (150mm x 60mm, 1.5mm base mesh thickness and 40mm threaded rod on top)
• 1xPure Titanium Cathode (150mm x 60mm, 1.5mm base plate thickness and 40mm threaded rod on top)
• Both come with a solid M8 threaded connection on the side.
• see schematic photo for connection layout (this is a representative photo only)

Coating specs: Anodes are coated with an antimony doped tin oxide layer for corrosion protection. To ensure the PbO2 layer doesn't flake off in harsh a environment then an thick beta-PbO2 layer (0.5mm each side) is applied by acidic electroplating method.

Current price is 95EUR for 1 set and free shipping to countries of europe. Payment: via PayPal Goods & Services or eBay but the price will be higher due to fees

Disclaimer: Due to the nature of electrochemical work, the seller is not responsible for operation (e.g., reversed polarity, chemical dissolution during shutdowns, or physical damage).

Legal: The buyer assumes all legal responsibility for the use of these electrodes. The seller is not liable for any illegal, hazardous, or unauthorized activities conducted with this equipment.

I am currently researching antibiotic detection using electrochemical methods. However, I am encountering difficulties. I have tried following articles that only use SPCE for the experiment, and according to conventional studies, the oxidation peak should appear at a potential of 0.7-0.8, but mine shows no signal. I am using 1X PBS buffer solution pH 5.5; red: 0 nM concentration; blue: 240 nM. Can anyone advise me on this issue? And is this situation common? Thank you very much everyone.

Do I need to learn reactions at anode/cathode or just the overall reactions? This is for Year 12 Chem btw. Any tips on how to learn them all?

Hello, Im trying to take CVs of a very reduced species in solution. OCP measured at about -1 V vs Fc, so we start our scan nearby. The first wave isolated is nicely reversible and comparing to a known concentration of Fc, seems to be a 1e wave. The second wave is not reversible and faster scan rates give a little bit of a bump but nothing huge. Given our chemistry, it's not unreasonable for it to be a chemical step after the second oxidation and faster scan rates maybe outcompete the chemical step. Integration seems to give similar charge passing comparing the first oxidation to the second.

My concern is the cathodic wave of the first oxidation (Ep= -0.68 V vs Fc). Integrating the signals, it looks to be nearly the same charge passed in the anodic and cathodic parts of the first oxidation. But if everything has been oxidized (with no re-reduction under the second oxidative wave) and undergone a chemical step, then how could the same charge be passed? Do I have two species in solution? NMR is clean

DCM, 0.2M TBAPF6, WE:GC disk, CE:Pt wire, RE:Ag/AgCl. 0.1 V/s

Hello everyone,

I'm very new to electrochemistry and have been doing a ton of research the past few days. I'm looking to do a electrochemical reaction in a PTFE flask but the joint sizes on these flasks are 29/32 and I can't find a PTFE with holes (for the electrodes) to fit the size. I am wondering how/if I can just drill 3 holes into a rubber septa to fit the electrode holders?

Or if anyone has any other ideas?

We are also looking into purchasing a potentiostat and have no idea where to start. We are just looking to apply a voltage around 6V to the reaction mixture so nothing too crazy. Any recommendations for suppliers?

Thanks

Hey all, We're running a microbial fuel cell using M9 minimal medium as the electrolyte (basically Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCl, NH4Cl, and glucose — no Ca or Mg salts added, just to be clear). One of our electrodes is a copper-clad wire. After about 24 hours, the wire had visibly dissolved/corroded, and we found a white precipitate floating in the medium.

However, we figured out that the wire is magentic but which isn't Copper, so we think wire is actually copper clad wire. We don't have the exact spec sheet for it though.

So now we're trying to figure out what the white precipitate actually is. Our current shortlist:

• FePO4 (iron phosphate) — if the steel core got exposed and corroded
• CuCl (copper(I) chloride) — from the copper cladding reacting with Cl- in the medium
• Fe(OH)2 — iron corrosion product, though we'd expect this to turn green/rusty pretty fast in air
• Ca3(PO4)2 / Mg3(PO4)2 — less likely since we didn't add Ca or Mg to the media, but can't rule out trace contamination
• Zn(OH)2 — only relevant if the wire has a zinc layer under the copper (galvanized core?)

If you have any idea about analyzing precipitate, plz let me know! (Our biolab has SEM, AFM)

Appreciate any opinions!

How many red, white and blue LEDs can you light up with 250 coins?

Alex Dainis built a battery using 250 coins, electrolyte-soaked paper towels, and parafilm, generating an impressive 18 volts. But high voltage isn't everything. The long battery also had so much internal resistance that it couldn't deliver enough current to light an LED. By splitting it into several smaller batteries, each producing about 3 volts, she reduced that resistance enough to light all three LEDs.

Hey everybody,

I’m a rising senior chemistry major at UNC Chapel Hill. My goal after undergrad is to go into a phd program and study in the field of echem and biosensors.

My undergrad started pretty rough, I would goof around a little too much and wasn’t sure completely what I wanted to study. In an effort to try to find what I love, I took classes and gained a small background in other stem fields on the way of finding that what I wanted to study was chemistry. But now that I’ve found chemistry I have fallen in love with the field and the research I’m involved in.

I currently have just above a 3.0 gpa( I know, not ideal), have been involved in an engineering lab for 2 years, and started research in a lab researching organic cathode batteries. I really want to stay in the field of echem in my future career if possible. Also to note, I have shown great improvement in my academic performance since I’ve started at UNC.

I want to continue my research in chemistry wherever it leads me but I fear that my gpa and the little time I’ve spent in research is going to bite me in the butt when applying to grad programs.
What are some ways that I could distinguish myself and really show that I am passionate about what I’m learning?

I recently joined a company where we resell a popular electroplating simulation software to industry

I am currently trying to learn all I can about industrial electroplating before meeting industry people...and asking about the problems they really face...I want to make that first impression of a competent and knowledgeable person.

I have the electrochemical engineering book by fuller and harb...also I have trouble in your tank book by durney

Recently received this PbO2 anode and it turned up with a bit of the Ti exposed as some had crumbled off during shipping. Seller is telling me it happens all the time, I'm worried that hydrogen production may peel off more of the oxide layer.

It will be for perchlorate production.

Any advice?

(I'm between forcing a refund, using as is or growing the oxide layer back on myself)

Hi everyone, I'm interested in running experiments on organometallic complexes. Cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis mainly. I'm trying to figure out what to buy. I understand that most of these boxes are built for feedthroughs but I'm still paranoid about leaks. Any models you recommend? Would love to hear pros/cons, any headaches with glovebox setups, or tips that saved you time.

Thanks a bunch!

I'm looking for information an old cable to communicate a metrohm 757 VA analyzer to a 665/765 dosimat. The cable code is 6.2141.080

In any case, the wiring diagram would be immensely helpful to build it by myself. Anyone has experience with this?

Hi everyone,

I am looking for practical user experience with potentiostats for corrosion work, especially from people who have used these instruments in real lab conditions.

My main applications are:

Corrosion testing, EIS, LPR, Tafel/potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic polarization, galvanic corrosion/ZRA, and measurements on small passive samples/coatings where the current can be in the pA–nA–µA range.

The three candidates I am considering are:

1. Gamry Reference 620
2. Ivium CompactStat2
3. PalmSens Nexus

Important points for me:

• EIS is required, but 1 MHz is probably enough.
• Low-noise current measurement is very important, especially during cyclic polarization of passive samples.
• I care a lot about how well E/I autoranging behaves during cyclic polarization. I have a Gamry Reference 3000, and its autoranging usually works well, although sometimes I still see noise near OCP.
• With an old VersaSTAT 3, I had to implement E/I filtering to get normal-looking data for small passive samples.
• I like that Ivium appears to allow more control over filters during experiments.
• I am less sure about PalmSens Nexus: the specifications look good, but I want to know how it behaves in low-current corrosion measurements, especially with autoranging and filtering.
• Calibration/verification also matters. I am used to Gamry’s self-calibration tools, including regular calibration, low-current calibration, and cable capacitance calibration. Ivium seems to have a performance test with TestCell1, but full calibration is done by the manufacturer/distributor. PalmSens says periodic calibration is not needed, which I am not fully comfortable with for corrosion QA work.

My questions:

Has anyone used Ivium CompactStat2 for corrosion, cyclic polarization, passive alloys, or coating EIS? How is the current noise and autoranging?

Has anyone used PalmSens Nexus for low-current corrosion work? Can you control filtering/bandwidth easily in PSTrace?

For Gamry Reference 620 users: does it behave similarly well to the Reference 3000 in cyclic polarization and low-current autoranging?

Overall, which one would you choose as the main corrosion-lab potentiostat if the priorities are:

reliable low-current cyclic polarization + EIS + good software + good calibration/verification workflow?

Any real user experience, raw-data issues, service/calibration comments, or things to watch out for would be very helpful.

Thanks!

Hey guys, im starting out with electroplating and wanted to get your opinion on my current copper and nickel ingredients. I have proper ppe such as thick Nitrile gloves, goggles, and a basic respirator. My goal is to coat a PETG 3d printer part in Graphite(Jigaloo) lubricant and apply copper and subsequent nickel coating for a visual effect. The part will be small, roughly 1 inch in diameter pin and ideally have a mirror finish right after plating.

My only point of concern are currently the copper sulfate mixture which is 99% purity and is used as a supplement and the SLS source which is scent free sls soap.

I tried to follow some youtubers along with the Modern Electroplating book by Schlesinger Paunovic but may have overlooked something. Also used gemeni to formulate the ratios which seemed fine at the first glance.

Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

Edit: Imma do it anyways. If it works well ill post results

I'm a bit confused about preparing the ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe (5 mM Fe(CN)₆³⁻/⁴⁻) for CV and EIS. I've come across different approaches.

Some add 2.5 mM potassium ferricyanide + 2.5 mM potassium ferrocyanide to make a 5 mM Fe(CN)₆³⁻/⁴⁻ solution, while others add 5 mM of each, and some use 5 mM potassium ferricyanide only.

So, if we prepare 5 mM Fe(CN)₆³⁻/⁴⁻ via 5mM ferricyanide + 5 mM ferrocyanide, doesn't that make the total concentration of the redox species 10 mM rather than 5 mM? During the oxidation/reduction process, the ferricyanide and ferrocyanide interconvert, so what is the concentration (C) in the Randles equation in this case? Should C be taken as 5 mM, 10 mM, or the concentration of only one of the species?

I have been building an open-source electrochemical method for pulling metals out of ore using salt solution and a small applied voltage across ion exchange membranes. No smelting, no cyanide, no roasting. It runs at room temperature, the reagents regenerate in the cell, and the loop stays mostly closed. On the bench the membrane stack shows selective transport for a wide range of ions, covering 53 elements directly plus titanium and tungsten with a second step, and the rough operating cost lands around 30 to 400 dollars per ton all-in, with a typical case near 50. What surprised me most is how cheap the membranes are to make: off-the-shelf materials for a few dollars per sheet instead of the hundreds per square meter that commercial IEMs run, and the full recipe and build files are public domain on GitHub (https://github.com/Rowow1/Open-sourced-off-the-shelf-ion-exchange-membrane).

So I understand that this is the basis of a saltwater chlorinating pool system. they use corrosion resistant electrodes to turn salt into chlorine in-line with the pool pump.

I’m guessing that’s probably the most efficient way, but I’ve noticed the gaseous by-product of a sodium chlorate cell seems to produce a significant amount of chlorine.

While trying to produce sodium chlorate (for science and for herbicide) I noticed that the gas is byproduct is hydrogen and chlorine gas.

I put about 10 drops of the pool chlorine test liquid in a fresh water bottle and and it seems as though when bubbled through this water, it produces an almost obscene amount of chlorine in the water.

I’m just curious, what inefficiencies prohibited this system from becoming. With the amount of chlorination it can provide from relatively cheap input resources, what’s keeping this from becoming a commercial product? Not to mention the byproduct would be cleaning the chloride crystals from that reactor and then refilling with a saturated brain of salt water

We are a start up working on metal air batteries especially focused currently on Iron air batteries, dm me if anyone is qualified or know smone related to this.

I am super new to CV and electrochem, trying to get a grasp of things. From what I understand the average of the Epa and Epc peaks should theoretically be the redox potential of the associated reaction, right? But I have multiple oxidation and reduction peaks, so how do I know what they each correspond to??

In my data it almost looks like the red/ox peaks themselves correspond with the standard redox potentials, but I cant tell if that's just coincidence or wishful thinking?

I just don't get how to confidently tell what peak corresponds to what reaction...

Sorry, hope that makes any sense at all

-A confused electrochem newbie

Hi everyone,

I'm working on spin-coated SnO₂ thin films on FTO glass as an electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells, and I want to perform EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) on the bare SnO₂/FTO without depositing the perovskite layer on top, to study electron mobility of pristine SnO2 and doped one.

I have a potentiostat available and I'm trying to figure out the sample configuration: Should I use a 2-electrode or 3-electrode setup for the thin film?

for 2-electrode:
Is the structure FTO | SnO₂ | Ag paste sufficient?

P.s: for information FTO has conductive side and insulator side, I spin coat on conductive side.

I couldn't find many papers that do EIS specifically on the bare ETL layer without perovskite, so any experience, illustration for the setup, or references would be really appreciated!

Thanks in advance.

Hi y'all!

I'm a software engineer at a battery company. My background is in comp sci and biology, but I'd like to shore up my domain knowledge of electrochemistry.

Does anyone have recommendations on where to get started?