For those who love the Noir femme fatale, some historical background
One of the hallmarks of classic Film Noir is the femme fatale figure, the dangerous woman who (due to the Hays code nearly always meets a poor end) uses her powers of allurement & her clever mind to gain advantage over an unstable situation, often by introducing instability herself. Even though she is morally condemned by plot and situation she is often the transmuting character that drives the film and can give Film Noir its haunting quality. Some Noir scholars trace the first modern presence of a positive image in art of the dangerous woman to the influential Pre-Raphaelite painting, primarily in England in the mid- to late- 19th century, a style that drew on medieval and literature themes and depicted many dangerous, beautiful women in an ambiguously affirming light.
Most interesting perhaps is that the Pre-Raphaelites, just as 19th century industrialization was taking hold in the Victorian Era, and just as women were becoming a political voice/force, were interested in bringing together an "aestheticized realism, rather than gritty industrialized realism". This contrasted combination captures some of the complexity of classic Film Noir, which is both focused on intensely gritty urban or moral realism at times, but also remains highly asetheticized in its famed use of light and shadow. There is also a certain realism in the femme fatale of Film Noir in that women are left to leverage their sexual capital in an amoral world of risk and danger, pragmatically using what leverage they can, including the realpolitik of plots and murder, yet, like in Pre-Raphaelite paintings, presented as a luminous figure of the screen, imbued by the Hollywood Close Up. And, this aestheticized/realism approach, through a transgressive figure, worked to navigate real social changes from 1940-1960, intensified industrialization and commercialization, real political and economic shifts in female autonomy/power. This stylized realism in film reflected - and also as media drove - what historians read as the new requirements of women to exhibit signatures of sexuality in the workplace, in a new dating culture, and at home, as an urban-suburban boom hit post-war American capitalist culture. The femme fatale figure sometimes is read as an expression of social anxiety over (and the attempt to subsume) increased female power in society.
If interested, a few articles in the pre-Raphaelite theme:
Witches: the Pre-Raphaelite femme fatale
The erotic pull of death in Pre-Raphaelite art
The Charm of the Witches: Magic and the Pre-Raphaelites
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